In July 2022, the Black Sea grain initiative was negotiated between the United Nations, Russia and Türkiye. This initiative is one way Ukraine can ensure that grain can escape its southern pole through the Bosphorus. With rail or road transport, grain cannot be exported in the required quantity.
It is because of the close relationship between the President of Türkiye and Vladimir Putin that Türkiye has joined. Furthermore, the Montreux convention signed in 1936 states that it guarantees maritime traffic on the Dardanelles and Bosphorus lines.
Grain deal – what does it promise?
The grain deal is one of the diplomatic achievements since the war began. It makes it possible to export commercial fertilizers and food from Odesa, Pivdennyi and Chornomorsk. Cargo ships were guided by Ukrainian ships to enter international waters of the Black Sea, thereby avoiding minefields. The ships then moved towards Istanbul along the humanitarian maritime corridor. Vessels departing or heading to Ukrainian ports are verified by teams that include inspectors from the United Nations, Ukraine, Russia and Türkiye. Furthermore, a separate agreement was also signed to reduce the impact of sanctions on Russian food and fertilizer exports. Four and then two monthly reviews are subject to both memos.
Result
Even after the lack of confidence, in July some 33 million tons of grain were exported from Ukrainian ports. According to the UK, about 61% of that was exported to low to middle income countries. The World Food Program has brought about 750,000 tons of Ukrainian grain immediately to areas such as Ethiopia, Sudan, Afghanistan and Somalia. As a result, the grain price per bushel stopped at $800 from $1,360.
Russia claims that the percentage of grain reaching the poorest countries is actually less than 4%.
What happened and why?
Russia began to relax the tests. Last year, in October, there were 10 inspections of ships completed per day, which means 4.2 million tons left for the month, reduced to 2 inspections per day in May. The United Nations can check. a total of 40 ships per day.
Compared to March 2023, food exports fell by a total of 29% through this initiative in April and by 66% in May. This week, Russia suspended the agreement.
It could be said that Russia realized that the second part of the agreement that actually helped boost Russia’s agricultural exports was actually not being respected by the West. According to Britain, Russia’s food exports are larger than last year and the country is exporting a lot of fertilizer and grain out of Novorossiysk.
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Source: pagasa.edu.vn