Mathematics is the study of concepts such as quantity (numbers), structure, space and change. Indian classical mathematicians like Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, Mahavira, Bhaskara II, Madhava of Sangamagrama, Nilakantha Somayaji etc. are immortalized for their contributions to mathematics. For example, the decimal system, the idea of zero, negative numbers, arithmetic, algebra, trigonometry, etc. Sanskrit was used to write mathematical works from ancient India to the Middle Ages, especially are scriptures that outline a set of rules or problems.
List of Indian mathematicians from ancient to modern India
1. Baudhayana
Born: About 800 BC
Notable works: Approximating the square root of 2 and stating a version of the Pythagorean Theorem
2. Katyayana
Year of birth: About 300 BC
Notable works: Varttika, Vyakarana, later Sulba Sutra
3. Pingala
Year of birth: About 500 BC
Notable works: Matrameru, binary number system, triangular arithmetic
4. Aryabhata
Born: Between 476-550 CE
Notable works: Aryabhaṭiya, Arya-siddhanta
Outstanding ideas: Explaining solar and lunar eclipses, the rotation of the Earth around its axis, the reflection of light by the moon, sinusoidal functions, solving quadratic equations of variation, the value of π up to 4 decimal places, Earth’s circumference is 99.8% accurate. , calculate the length of the sidereal year.
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5. Varahamihira
Born: Between 505–587 CE
Notable works: Pancha-Siddhāntikā, Brihat-Samhita, Brihat Jataka
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6. Yativsabha
Born: Around the 6th century CE
Famous for: Mathematician and author of the book Tiloyapannatti introduced many units of measurement of distance and time and introduced various concepts of infinity
7. Brahmagupta
Born: Between 598-670 CE
Famous for: Zero, Modern Number System, Brahmagupta theorem, Brahmagupta equality, Brahmagupta problem, Brahmagupta-Fibonacci equality, Brahmagupta interpolation formula, Brahmagupta formula
8. Bhaskara I
Born: Between 600–680 CE
Known for: Sine approximation formula
9. Shridhara
Born: Between 650-850 CE
Contribution: Provide rules for finding the volume of a sphere
10. Mahavira
Year of birth: 9th century CE
Notable work: His work was a highly inverted approach to algebra and much of his writing emphasized the development of techniques needed to solve algebraic problems .
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11. Pavuluri Maulana
Year of birth: 11th century CE
Notable work: He translated Ganitasara Samgraham, a mathematical treatise by Mahivaracharya, into Telugu as Sara Sangraha Ganitamu.
12. Bhaskara II
Year of birth: 1114–1185 CE
Famous for: Exploring the principles of differential calculus and its application to astronomical problems and calculations
13. Scholar Narayana
Born: Between 1340–1400 CE
Notable works: Arithmetic treatise called Ganita Kaumudi; The algebraic treatise is called Bijganita Vatamsa
14. Madhava of Sangamagrama
Year of birth: 1340-1350 CE
Famous for: Discovering the power series expansion of the trigonometric functions sine, cosine and arctangent
Notable works: Golavada, Madhyamanayanaprakara, Venvaroha
15. Parameshvara
Born: Between 1360–1455 AD
Notable work: Discovered drk-ganita, a method of astronomy based on observations
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16. Nilakantha Somayaji
Born: Around AD1444
Notable works: Golasara, Candrachayaganita, Aryabhatiya-bhashya, Tantrasamgraha Raghunatha Siromani
17. Shankara Variations
Born: Around 1530 AD
Notable works: Yukti-dipika – an extensive commentary in verse on the Tantrasamgraha based on Yuktibhasa; Laghu-vivrti – a short prose commentary on Tantrasamgraha; Kriya-kramakari – a long prose commentary on Bhaskara II’s Lilavati
18. Jyeshtadeva
Born: Around 1500 AD
Known for: Authorship of Yuktibhaṣa
Notable works: Yuktibhāṣā, Drkkarana
19. Munishvara
Born: Around the 17th century
Notable work: Creating accurate sine tables
20. Kamalakara
Born: Around 1657 AD
Notable works: Combining traditional Indian astronomy with Aristotelian physics and Ptolemaic astronomy as presented by Muslim scientists; Give the formulas for sin(A/2) and sin(A/4) in terms of sin(A) and the repetition formulas for sin(A/3) and sin(A/5); Given a table to find the correct ascension of a planet from its longitude.
21. Jagannatha Samrat
Born: Around AD1730
Notable works: Siddhanta-samrat, Yantra-prakara
22. Radhanath Sikdar
Born: Around 1813 AD
Famous for: Calculating the height of Mount Everest
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23. Pathani Samanta
Born: January 11, 1835-36 AD
Famous for: Naked-eye astronomy
24. Ganesh Prasad
Date of birth: November 15, 1876 AD
Known for: Establishing a culture of organized mathematical research in India
Notable works: Treatise on spherical harmonics and functions by Bessel and Lame
25. Srinivasa Ramanujan
Date of birth: December 22, 1887
Known for: Landau–Ramanujan constant; Simulate theta functions; Ramanujan conjecture; Prime Minister Ramanujan; Ramanujan–Soldner constant; Ramanujan theta function; General Ramanujan; Rogers–Ramanujan identity; Ramanujan’s general theorem.
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26. Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis
Date of birth: June 29, 1893
Known for: Mahalanobis Feldman–Mahalanobis distance model
27. Subbayya Sivasankaranarayana Pillai
Born: April 5, 1901
Famous for: Pillai conjecture; Pillai arithmetic function; Prime Minister Pillai
28. Raj Chandra Bose
Date of birth: June 19, 1901
Known for: Association schemes; Bose–Mesner algebra; Euler’s conjecture about the Latin square; Strong regular graph; Part geometry; Morse code
29. Samarendra Nath Roy
Date of birth: December 11, 1906
Known for: Multivariate analysis
30. Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
Date of birth: October 19, 1910
Known for: Chandrasekhar limits; Chandra X-ray Observatory; Chandrasekhar friction; Chandrasekhar number; Chandrasekhar tensor; Chandrasekhar equation; Chandrasekhar virus equation; Chandrasekhar’s Variation Principle; 1958 Chandra; Schonberg–Chandrasekhar limit
31. SS Shrikhande
Date of birth: October 19, 1917
Famous for: Euler’s conjecture
32. Prahladbhai Chunilal Vaidya
Date of birth: May 23, 1918
Famous for: Vaidya metric system, Vaidya–Patel solution, Einstein field equations
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33. Anil Kumar Sangha
Date of birth: February 1, 1919
Known for: Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient Vidyasagar University
34. CR Rao
Date of birth: September 10, 1920
Famous for: Cramér–Rao Limit, Rao–Blackwell Theorem, Orthogonal Arrays, Point Check
35. Harish chandra
Date of birth: October 11, 1923
Known for: Harish-Chandra’s c function; Harish-Chandra’s character formula; Harish-Chandra homomorphism; Harish-Chandra isomorphism; Harish-Chandra module; Harish-Chandra regularization theorem; Harish-Chandra’s Schwartz Space; Harish Chandra transforms; Harish-Chandra’s Ξ function
36. Raghu Raj Bahadur
Date of birth: April 30, 1924
Known for: Bahadur effect; Anderson–Bahadur algorithm; Representative Bahadur-Ghosh-Kiefer
37. Gopinath Kallianpur
Date of birth: April 25, 1925
Known for: Fisher’s consistency
38. Shreeram Shankar Abhyankar
Date of birth: July 22, 1930
Famous for: Abhyankar Conjecture, Abhyankar Lemma, Abhyankar–Moh Theorem
39. CS Seshadri
Date of birth: February 29, 1932
Known for: Seshadri Constant; Narasimhan–Seshadri theorem; standard monomial theory
40. KSS Nambooripad
Date of birth: April 6, 1935
41. Vinod Behari Johri
Date of birth: June 10, 1935
Famous for: Power-law inflation in Brans–Dicke theory; Tracking theory integrates the quintessential fields of dark energy; Virtual universe
42. KR Parthasarathy
Date of birth: June 25, 1936
Famous for: Quantum stochastic computation
43. Veeravalli S. Varadarajan
Born: May 1937
Famous for: Trombi–Varadarajan Theorem
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44. Vasanti N. Nayak
Date of birth: June 10, 1938
Famous for: Combinatorial Design and Graph Theory
45. Srinivasa Varadhan
Date of birth: January 2, 1940
Known for: Martingale issue; large deviation theory
46. Vashishtha Narayan Singh
Date of birth: April 2, 1942
Famous for: Reconstructing kernels and operators using periodic vectors
47. Siddani Bhaskara Rao
Year of birth: 1943
Known for: Frequency Partitioning, Line Graphs, Degree Sequences
48. NM Singhi
Year of birth: 1949
Famous for: Combinatorics and graph theory
Sujatha Ramdorai
Famous for: Iwasawa non-commutative theory, Arithmetic of algebraic manifolds
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49. Narendra Krishna Karmarkar
Year of birth: 1957
Famous for: Karmarkar algorithm
50. Manindra Agrawal
Date of birth: May 20, 1966
Known for: AKS primality testing
51. Chandrashekhar Khare
Year of birth: 1968
Famous for: Proving the Serre conjecture
52. Subhash Khot
Famous for: Unique guessing game
53. Dr. Neena Gupta
Famous for: Providing a counterexample of a field with positive properties to the special Zariski Cancellation Problem
The above list of Indian mathematicians from ancient to modern India will enhance the general knowledge of the readers.
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